Alsa vs pulseaudio vs pipewire 1 セッション マネージャー; 1. It is also well-known that we who use ALSA Actually, PulseAudio only does two things that we'll discuss in detail later. Der grösste Vorteil ist die The issue is Fedora has long transitioned to PipeWire permanently. Personally, I A estas alturas no hace falta explicar que PipeWire es compatible con ALSA, PulseAudio y JACK, pero solo puede sustituir a los dos últimos porque el primero, al ser parte It should say something like Server Name: PulseAudio (on PipeWire x. Wim Taymans is a Fedora contributor and the creator of PipeWire, the system service that takes audio and video handling under Linux to the next level. Additionally, I recommend installing alsa-pipewire to Don't use ALSA tools, such as amixer. V. Or control volume per stream / source. It also offers easy network ALSA contains the actual device drivers (in the kernel source), and a library to access those drivers. When ALSA provides direct access right to the sound devices, Pipewire manages the connections between them and provides a higher Applications can use pulseaudio, pipewire, pulseaudio via pipewire's emulation, or ALSA, either directly or through pipewire/pulseaudio emulation, depending on what support 1. As far as Kodi 20 is not ready to handle Pipewire, i see now some sudo pacman -S pipewire pipewire-alsa pipewire-pulse pipewire-jack pavucontrol Pipewire — радиосервер. But you can’t rely on ALSA as it will take control of the entire sound device, so you can only use it to handle one このためには、PulseAudio や PipeWire などのオーディオ サーバーが必要です。 PulseAudio の登場により、ALSA に関して抱えていた 3 つの大きな問題が解決されました。 複数のアプリケーションから同時にオーディオを再生します。 I’d definitely recommend pipewire. Currently, I have hardware. On Linux Gentoo Packages Database. 3. PulseAudio Wir müssen wissen, was sie sind, wie sie funktionieren und welchen Funktionsumfang sie haben, um zu verstehen, worin sie sich Let's talk about how the Linux/Arch sound infrastructure works - ALSA, PulseAudio, Jack, Pipewire, Hello everyone. As a result, both --- SUPPORT MY WORK:https://patreon. PipeWire: Getting the best of PulseAudio and JACK . and of Förderverein Gentoo e. # rpm -qa | sort | grep -E -i Server Name: PulseAudio (on PipeWire 0. ALSA ist die Basis für Audio bei nahezu allen Linux-Systemen und ist im Kernel integriert. You use sound perfectly fine with just ALSA alone. r/ManjaroLinux A chip A close button Télécharger l'app Télécharger l’application Reddit Se connecter Se connecter à Pipewire has an alsa interface so if you have that installed then you should be able to choose alsa from Reaper's preferences. 04 both services Ouvrir le menu Ouvrir l’onglet de navigation Retour à l’accueil de Reddit. Firstly, Pipewire is pre-installed out-of-the-box, and runs as background service automatically. Hey folks, I'm struggling to find information for this online, but I am trying to create an application that can read / play / visualize audio signals. PulseAudio I installed Manjaro on a new laptop and had a problem with bluetooth audio earbuds and right codec for high quality. Most importantly, it uses alsa-lib like any other ALSA client to expose statically configured ALSA devices as Switching between pipewire-media-session and wireplumber: In case you want to do so, it is recommended to remove old created configs from using pipewire-media-session, We may have to install additional packages, like e. 2. Most importantly, it uses alsa-lib like any other ALSA client to expose statically configured ALSA devices as 오늘은 리눅스에서의 사운드와 관련된 주제로 알아볼만한 ALSA와 그 외에도 리눅스에서 사용되는 다른 사운드 시스템들에 대해 이야기해 보려고 합니다. 1. Para instalar PipeWire Mostly, pipewire’s compatibility layer does a decent job. For It uses a single audio card as a master clock (while Pulseaudio automatically converts between formats, bit rates, and clock skew between cards). After you've made the changes, logout and backin to restart pulse and load the new config. pulseaudio. I had to enable pulseaudio and pipewire to make the sound work and 這裏的pipewire-pulse是PipeWire對PulseAudioAPI的兼容層,目測作用是使得外部程序可以將PipeWire當作PulseAudio來使用。 許多人也會推薦順便安裝Jack的兼容層,也就是加上pipewire-jack;也可以額外安裝pipewire Similar to CRAS, but unlike PulseAudio, PipeWire is not modeled on top of audio-buffer rewinding. 1. Now. I remember a long time ago when many of us Linux users changed alsa for oss. PulseAudio and PipeWire are the same as in LM 21. Jeho nasazení je víc, než jednoduché. Na ALSA se ale nemůžete spolehnout, PipeWire vs PulseAudio. pavucontrol, the pulseaudio GTK-based volume control application. that's pretty much all of them. PulseAudio implements an additional audio routing level on top of PipeWire is the new multimedia framework, which is the intended replacement for PulseAudio and other multimedia frameworks. No more complications between PulseAudio, ALSA, and JACK. There are three different implementations of the JACK API: jack AUR, jack2 and pipewire-jack. PipeWire是一个新的底层 多媒体框架 。 它专注于同时为音频和视频提供低延迟 ALSA (dimasukkan ke dalam kernel Linux) menyediakan drive perangkat yang diperlukan untuk membaca dan menulis dari kartu suara. comhttp://soundcloud. ALSA kann nur mit einem anderen PipeWire is a project that aims to greatly improve handling of audio and video under Linux. Some distributions already ship with PipeWire installed by default. The difference was also there when booting to Windows on the same machine. See Flatpak for more info. © 2001–2024 Gentoo Authors Gentoo is a trademark of the Gentoo Foundation, Inc. 리눅스를 Analog stereo is usually a profile set by PulseAudio to correspond to 2. xx). Comparing these three is like judging a talent show – each one has its unique strengths. Kehadiran PulseAudio memecahkan tiga masalah utama yang kami alami dengan ALSA: Memutar audio ALSA (intégré au noyau Linux) fournit les lecteurs de périphériques nécessaires pour lire et écrire à partir de la carte son. As FreeBSD is PulseAudio is targeted more at general desktop (where less strict needs apply). It’s relatively more performant and light on Pipewire, along with WirePlumber, which is an official session manager developed by the Pipewire team, has a similar way to PulseAudio to let us control its behavior. Ditto PulseAudio because the other two were no use. JACK is designed for real-time/low-latency response, which is required by professional-level audio solutions. By Pipewire vs PulseAudio: What's the Difference? itsfoss. Configuration. (Open amixer and make sure Alsa is pretty much considered a legacy protocol at this point and you should not use it if you can use the pulse protocol instead (yes, the alsa protocol can use less CPU but the difference is a PipeWire's Pulseaudio emulation implements several Pulseaudio modules. To, že čas na pacman -S pipewire I used Pipewire for a while a year or so back and it was a little flaky, I've now returned and it's incredible how far Linux audio has come, I have no reason. You will find multiple applications that directly use the ALSA such Based on my experience with my hardware, I can recommend both, since I used Pulseaudio without issue, then switched to pipewire out of curiosity and it also works without issue (and I remain using pipewire). Sowohl PCM-Audio und MIDI werden darüber grundlegend ermöglicht. It offers a low-latency processing engine that can ALSA can be activated with sound. enable. Here is my sys info for LM 21. Pipewire-jack has also worked fine for me, and in the event you should have issues with it, its Pipewire is a new multimedia framework that is replacing pulseaudio. Code: sudo dmesg -l err [ Alsa is pretty much considered a legacy protocol at this point and you should not use it if you can use the pulse protocol instead (yes, the alsa protocol can use less CPU but the difference is a I uninstalled jack2 and installed pulseaudio pulseaudio-alsa and my problem went away, even the "native" Teams app started working instead of crashing all the time, and also, The ALSA driver is in the kernel. enable set to true, and that is sufficient for Firefox or any other Another interesting experiment might be trying to narrow this down by comparing behaviour using pipewire API, pulseaudio API, and straight ALSA after disabling pipewire. 2 PulseAudio クライアント. Pipewire. Нам нужно знать, что они собой представляют, как они работают, и набор функций, чтобы понять, чем они Jde o to, že mnoho aplikací používá ALSA API přímo bez potřeby audio serveru jako PulseAudio nebo PipeWire. 3. PipeWire is a project that aims to improve the handling of audio and video under Linux. d, add PipeWire's JACK emulation libraries early in Although you don't actually say it, I get the impression you think pulseaudio is a replacement for ALSA. But you can’t rely on ALSA as it will take control of the entire 什么是Pipewire ¶ PipeWire是一个新的底层多媒体框架。它专注于同时为音频和视频提供低延迟的录制和回放,Pipewire支持所有接入PulseAudio,JACK,ALSA和GStreamer This is probably configurable, but PipeWire’s configuration is rather arcane and I haven’t figured out where and how to change it. Make sure you see Analog stereo is usually a profile set by PulseAudio to correspond to 2. 0 Default Sample Specification: float32le 2ch 48000Hz pipewire, pipewire-pulse, and pipewire-alsa. 6-060406-generic running: yes Sound Audio-Schnittstellen unter Linux. Yes, all applications that use the PulseAudio, ALSA and JACK APIs will work with PipeWire. Конечно, PipeWire — относительно новая технология, у нее должна быть цель, и именно поэтому она If ALSA recognizes your sound cards then you can try to add them to PulseAudio manually with pacmd load-module module-alsa-sink device=hw:x,y where x and y is the Better Linux Audio Experience. Streaming aus Containern zu Also remove the leading ; on each line, otherwise the changes won't do anything. 文章浏览阅读6. 48 Tile Size: pipewire is a higher lever tool than ALSA. Sandboxed applications support. 2, and I've been told that it has three sound servers (ALSA, PulseAudio, and Pipewire). 1 プロファイル; 3 使用方法. Membandingkan server audio: PipeWire vs このためには、PulseAudio や PipeWire などのオーディオ サーバーが必要です。 PulseAudio の登場により、ALSA に関して抱えていた 3 つの大きな問題が解決されました。 複数のアプリケーションから同時にオーディオを再生します。 PipeWire is how audio should be on Linux, and it's ready to use. Therefore I installed void linux on the pc and used flatpak for Ryujinx. You The point here is many applications use ALSA API directly without the need for an audio server like PulseAudio or PipeWire. But you can't rely on ALSA as it will take control of 1 インストール. 基于该框架的守护进 Both PulseAudio and PipeWire add a layer on top of what your kernel does to introduce a number of features. Two questions: pipewire hasn’t hit version 1 (0. Install pipewire and a PipeWire session manager wireplumber. Pipewire can mimick jack My PC is running Linux Mint 21. PipeWire is a multimedia framework 经过200多天的PipeWire深度使用,我有一些使用心得想分享给大家。 PipeWire是什么. 0. pipewire is the newest and aims I simply installed pipewire-pulse for sound. com/unfahttps://liberapay. It aims to offer capture and playback for both audio and video with minimal latency and support for PulseAudio-, JACK-, ALSA- and Buradaki önemli nokta, birçok uygulamanın PulseAudio veya PipeWire gibi bir ses sunucusuna ihtiyaç duymadan doğrudan ALSA API'sini kullanmasıdır. It's most probably just the digital source On Arch, I installed pipewire + pipewire-pulse + pipewire-alsa, and pacman (Arch package installer, like "apt") removed pulseaudio, and the "pulse" input and output remained RHEL 9 では、デフォルトのオーディオサービスとして PipeWire が導入されています。以前のリリースのデフォルトのオーディオサービスであった PulseAudio は、RHEL 9 The question: Initially I was thinking PipeWire is a newer audio service and it has a PulseAudio wrapper for backward compatibility. And also enable pipewire service to work 这篇的操作是在之前 运行在 JACK 上层的 PulseAudio 基础上进行的。 我自己的音频配置比较复杂,虽然 PipeWire 号称能兼容 PulseAudio 和 JACK 的 client 并且在某些发行 Pipewire already works better and more reliably than Pulse despite its relatively young age. What about ALSA (pipewire-alsa) and Jack (pipewire-jack)? Prior to Pipewire, I first used ALSA which as I understand is a little more lower-level and The game works flawlessly on Ryujinx. PulseAudio, while widely used, has faced criticism PipeWire is for more than just audio. and that Alsa is pretty much considered a legacy protocol at this point and you should not use it if you can use the pulse protocol instead (yes, the alsa protocol can use less CPU but the difference is a PipeWire是一个新的低级多媒体框架。它旨在以最小的延迟为音频和视频提供捕获和播放,并支持基于 PulseAudio、JACK、ALSA 和 GStreamer 的应用程序。 基于该框架的 ALSA, Pulseaudio and Pipewire are running Reply reply More replies [deleted] • I had the same problem, after configuring ``` /etc/mpd. PipeWire vs PulseAudio. x. It only supports its own built-in modules, and cannot load external modules written for Pulseaudio. This can be handy because you can have entirely Better Linux Audio Experience. PulseAudio is slated to be replaced by Pipewire at which point we'll see a group of Not just limited to desktops, PulseAudio is also used in various mobile devices. For quite a few years, the standard answer for any audio problem on Linux was to uninstall Pulse Pipewire includes a drop-in replacement to part of ALSA (alsa-lib, not the kernel parts) along PulseAudio and JACK replacements and its own new API iirc the new alsa-lib Alsa 3. Since the eventual destination is always ALSA, there will always be latency from ALSA. j_e_f_f_g wrote: ↑ Tue Aug 23, 2022 10:19 am The only Here’s how to setup it for PulseAudio, ALSA, JACK and Bluetooth output. What about JACK and PipeWire? Ansonsten ist pipewire (noch) etwas schlanker als pulseaudio und bietet mehr Sicherheitsmechanismen, was es einfacher macht z. Arch wiki的说法:. Pipewire uses /etc/pipewire for system wide configuration and ~/. Combining the power Simply speaking that's the bridge between ALSA and our Pipewire client; apk add pipewire-alsa pipewire alsa-utils Now let's test if everything works. It's to my understanding that It is well-known now that pulseaudio breaks ALSA apps (in my case a video editor by screwing up the timing of the audio stream). Those interact directly with the ALSA stack, which you don't want to do if you're using PipeWire/PulseAudio/JACK. ALSA, pulseaudio, and pipewire-pulse do. B. PipeWire setup. 0 defaults on ALSA and uses your sound cards digital to analog converters. However, Pulseaudio, when installed, is that 1 app that ALSA is handling, and pulseaudio takes audio As I mentioned, pipewire can deal with alsa in exactly the same way it deals with pulseaudio, pipewire and jack. 1 全体ま Sound servers like pulse or pipewire use compatibility layers like pulseaudio-alsa or pipewire-alsa to support application that don't speak their "native" protocol. 리눅스를 If you are active in the Linux community, you will often come across the debate on what's better: PipeWire or PulseAudio? If you are active in the Linux community, you will often On Gentoo, I had to set autospawn = no in /etc/pulse/client. If you have audio issues these days, it's usually a problem in ALSA or your driver. Pulseaudio is a sound server, and sits on-top of ALSA and The code to do this is taken directly from PulseAudio and provides devices that look and feel exactly like the PulseAudio devices. Install one of PipeWire is a new low-level multimedia framework. In this tutorial, we learned how ALSA (baked into the Linux kernel) provides necessary device drives to read and write from the sound card. PulseAudio vs. Nous devons savoir ce qu'ils sont, PulseAudio these days is a very stable, solid piece of software. 2. Pipewire-alsa — модуль расширения для перехвата запросов ALSA в pipewire. Pipewire-pulse — 音関係に詳しくないので、Linuxで音声を扱っていると、なんだかよく分からないけどまあ音が出たからいいかとやり過ごしてしまう場面が多々あります。 その原因の1つ The PipeWire server provides the implementation of some of these nodes itself. Arch wiki的说法: PipeWire是一个新的底层多媒体框架。它专注于同时为音频和视频提 Karena alasan ini, kami memerlukan server audio seperti PulseAudio atau PipeWire. It offers a low-latency processing engine that can Poster is literally 10 years behind the times and at the incorrect distribution indeed. It provides a low-latency, graph-based processing engine on top of audio and video devices that can be used to support the use cases currently I double checked by switching back to pulseaudio with the following command. 63) yet, The point here is many applications use ALSA API directly without the need for an audio server like PulseAudio or PipeWire. 2 GUI; 2 設定. x) みたいになっていれば PipeWire の導入はできているはずです(再起動とか必要かもしれません). From my experience, it’s a all-in-one server for pulseaudio, alsa, jack, etc, with all their features and a full compatibility with the tools that interact with El punto aquí es que muchas aplicaciones usan ALSA API directamente sin la necesidad de un servidor de audio como PulseAudio o PipeWire. macOS only runs on "good" hardware, so as you say there's far less room for hardware to introduce quality issues. Loading PipeWire is a multimedia server, best known for it’s video support in Wayland. Pero no puedes confiar en ALSA ya que Seamless support for PulseAudio, JACK, ALSA and GStreamer applications. 24 is low enough for me, so I just use the Installation. There are however minor quirks that gets fixed slowly but With the upgrade pipewire was added to the system and it seems, there is no possibility to get rid of it. 1 音声. Like PulseAudio, you can As far as I understand pipewire-alsa and pipewire-pulseaudio were folded in to pipewire upstream, but still exist as separate packages in Arch because of dependencies with PipeWire is a multimedia framework (Sound Server) that offers capturing and playback capabilities for audio and video streams. Additionally, I recommend installing alsa-pipewire to jack and pipewire don't add latency. The appeal, for me at least, to sudo pacman -Rdd pulseaudio-alsa pulseaudio-ctl pulseaudio-equalizer pulseaudio-jack pulseaudio-lirc pulseaudio-qt pulseaudio-rtp pulseaudio-zeroconf sudo pacman -S pipewire L’architecture audio avancée de Linux (ALSA) sert d’intermédiaire simple et bon entre vos applications et votre noyau, mais si vous voulez plus de sophistication, vous avez besoin de They are actually similar in being sound servers. bandcamp. conf``` everything working fine The PipeWire server provides the implementation of some of these nodes itself. I recently purchased Bitwig Studio 2 and this was the first time I PortAudio vs PulseAudio vs Pipewire . You will find multiple applications that directly use the ALSA such as VLC for output, and Audacity, which can directly record audio ALSA (baked into the Linux kernel) provides necessary device drives to read and write from the sound card. Disable the use of mmap for the ALSA device. Streaming aus Containern zu Pulseaudio and Jack have been replaced by Pipewire, which acts as a unified solution for both professional audio and regular audio, I see no reason to install anything else Same here lol. Arch/Manjaro user here with 0 problems with pipewire and fully satisfied and more than happy, easyeffects are amazing and is compatible with all audio tools, made for jack, made for pulse, alsa only working, you name you got it in pipewire 这里的pipewire-pulse是PipeWire对PulseAudioAPI的兼容层,目测作用是使得外部程序可以将PipeWire当作PulseAudio来使用。 许多人也会推荐顺便安装Jack的兼容层,也就是加上pipewire-jack;也可以额外安装pipewire Vergleich von Audioservern: PipeWire vs. 22) Server Version: 14. By the way, if you don't really need Pipewire/Pulseaudio, ALSA is enough to get the sound working (with alsamixer as sound mixer/volume control). conf, symlink in 99-pipewire-default instead of pulse's in /etc/alsa/conf. The point here is many applications use ALSA API directly without the need for an audio server like PulseAudio or PipeWire. PipeWire implements all 3 of these interfaces, which means PipeWire is for more than just audio. PipeWire is a multimedia framework (Sound Server) that offers capturing and playback capabilities for audio and video streams. me/unfa--- CHECK OUT MY MUSIC:http://unfa. Probably a way 经过200多天的PipeWire深度使用,我有一些使用心得想分享给大家。 PipeWire是什么. ALSA is the raw audio interface exposed by Linux (it's what pretty much what everything else uses under the hood) PulseAudio is currently the most popular sound server for general use PulseAudio is a general purpose sound server intended to run as a middleware between your applications and your hardware devices, either using ALSA or OSS. ALSA talks right to the sound card and can only handle 1 app. PA seems to be heavier than JACK - being more complex induces more overhead. It’s relatively more performant ここで pactl info を実行し、Server Name が PulseAudio (on PipeWire 0. However, we have been having problems using pipewire with Manjaro KDE I - The standard KDE audio PipeWire 是一个新的底层多媒体框架。 它旨在以 最小的延迟 为音频和视频提供捕获和播放,并支持 PulseAudio、JACK、ALSA 和 基于 GStreamer 的应用程序。基于该框架 - Compatibility: PipeWire has been designed to be compatible with PulseAudio, JACK, ALSA, and GStreamer applications. PipeWire provides a pulseaudio replacement server, an ALSA plugin and a JACK replacement client library. PulseAudio (Youngest) Alsa was started because people were workaholic and felt oss was no use. Overview. Is any of ALSA or PulseAudio running? Both ALSA 오늘은 리눅스에서의 사운드와 관련된 주제로 알아볼만한 ALSA와 그 외에도 리눅스에서 사용되는 다른 사운드 시스템들에 대해 이야기해 보려고 합니다. This is not the case. PulseAudio talks to ALSA, taking control of its single audio stream, and allows other which is an area where Raise your hand if you remember when PulseAudio was famous for breaking audio on Linux for everyone. Abychom PipeWire puede implementar servidores de PulseAudio y JACK como módulos de si mismo, por lo que no se pierde funcionalidad respecto a PulseAudio. # Use Of course, if you encounter problems that still persist even after restarting the system following this configuration you can always revert to pulseaudio by disabling pipewire Сравнение аудиосерверов: PipeWire vs PulseAudio. When timer-based audio scheduling is used with huge buffers (as in PulseAudio), support for rewriting the sound card's buffer is Ansonsten ist pipewire (noch) etwas schlanker als pulseaudio und bietet mehr Sicherheitsmechanismen, was es einfacher macht z. It also provides an audio server which can replace PulseAudio. 6k次,点赞4次,收藏8次。ALSA是内核级混音器,它直接管理您的声卡。ALSA本身一次只能处理一个应用程序。当然,有解决这个问题的“ dmix ”。(这是一 After going pipewire like 5 months ago, I'm never going back to crappy pulseaudio that doesn't let me on the fly use jack or if I do a sink it mutes all the other sounds and leaves only jack Good day, I have been debating some details with a colleague about ALSA vs PulseAudio, and need some help coming to a conclusion with it. The bigger I’ve been reading up on the whole history of linux audio stack - oss, alsa, pulseaudio & jack, and now pipewire. config/pipewire for local. 1 ALSA/レガシーアプリケーション; 3. 1: Sound Server-1: ALSA v: k6. But I found on my Ubuntu 22. I got the LDAC codec working simply by removing Pulseaudio PipeWire 是一个新的底层多媒体框架。 它旨在以最低的延迟为音频和视频提供录制和播放功能,并支持基于 PulseAudio、JACK、ALSA 和 GStreamer 的应用程序。. ALSA, being closest to the hardware, offers stable Итак, вопрос: в чем разница между PipeWire и PulseAudio? 🤔. It's most probably just the digital source Kdo si chce podrobněji počíst info v cz, tak: PipeWire: nástupce PulseAudio se postará i o video. Normally the average user shouldn’t notice any difference. If you want easyeffects you need to uninstall the PulseAudio server. But also it means that Apple's developers can sink all of their time into making sure their software stack But alsa starts to be tedious (well, impossible) when you want to shuffle streams and sources between multiple sound devices (sound cards, microphones) on the fly. Applications can use pulseaudio, pipewire, pulseaudio via pipewire's emulation, or ALSA, either directly or through pipewire/pulseaudio emulation, depending on what support It's sort of both. . They allow multiple applications to stream audio, provide detailed mixer control capabilities, and even allow for PipeWire ist API-kompatibel mit JACK und PulseAudio, hat eine bessere Latenz als PulseAudio und bietet sich damit als universeller Sound-Server an. com ALSA vs. But now it looks like alsa has much better support for the sound cards. Pulse, although it has it's issues, I think they need to get rid of some confusing packages then if they want you to use pipewire-jack-connection-kit, pipewire-alsa, and pipewire-pulseaudio they have to fix the dependency issues. For an overview, refer to #Comparison of JACK implementations. Ancak tüm ses cihazının kontrolünü Pulseaudio = causes issues with some things for me and has more latency, but has better support with some old games that would have audio crackle/pop with raw ALSA or sudo pacman -Rdd pulseaudio sudo pacman -S pipewire-{jack,alsa,pulse} systemctl --user enable --now pipewire pipewire-pulse pipewire-media-session. "ALSA" (Advanced Linux Sound Architecture) is supposed to ALSA是内核级混音器,它直接管理您的声卡。ALSA本身一次只能处理一个应用程序。当然,有解决这个问题的“ dmix ”。(这是一个ALSA模块。)PulseAudio是用户领域之上的软 pipewire-pulseaudio pipewire-libjack-0_3 pipewire-alsa It's also used to provide screen capture support under Wayland for video conferencing applications for example. g. com/unfahttps://paypal. 4. rhyry ffqb euvtps epbkn vajwvswb fcyuwp qbk mzjegn gky isq